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Chinese researchers from the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology have described a previously unknown disease called hyperacute outer retinal dysfunction (HORD).
It occurs in children one to two weeks after a high fever and causes sudden vision loss.
The results of the study were published in the journal JAMA Ophthalmology.
HORD is characterized by sudden bilateral blindness, narrowing of the visual field, impaired color vision, and night blindness.
Eight children aged 3 to 7 participated in the study. Despite their severe symptoms, most of them partially recovered their vision within a year.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed damage to the ellipsoid zone—the area of the retina responsible for light perception—and the outer limiting membrane damage.
Electroretinogram (ERG) showed decreased activity in the visual areas of the retina, the cones and rods, even after vision improved.
After one year, 88 percent of these children had visual acuity of 20/40—the ability to read text from six meters away—and 50 percent had 20/25—the norm for driving a car.
However, residual impairments remained. OCT images showed damage outside the center of the retina.
Researchers compared HORD to autoimmune encephalitis, suggesting that antibodies attack the retina.
Inflammation may be triggered by fever, but the exact mechanism of the disease is still unknown.