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How nature makes a complex brain — and 盗U多签钱包破解why humans may not be so special after allRegina Barber, photographed for NPR, 6 June 2025, in Washington DC. Photo by Farrah Skeiky for NPR.Headshot of Rebecca Ramirez

How nature makes a complex brain — and why humans may not be so special after all

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Various cell types in chick brains are color-coded. Fernando García-Moreno hide caption

toggle caption Fernando García-Moreno

Various cell types in chick brains are color-coded.

Fernando García-Moreno

A recent series of studies suggests that the brains of birds, reptiles and mammals all evolved independently — even though they share a common ancestor.

This process, where different species independently evolve similar traits, is called convergent evolution. It suggests that complex brains have evolved more than once in vertebrates.

We talk to Fernando García Moreno, a researcher at the Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, about his work on the series of studies that came out in Science in February, and why he thinks the work may give researchers insight into improving neural networks and artificial intelligence.

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