From that lofty vantage point, he said, he could peer over neighborhoods still filled with traditional wooden Chinese homes. After Liu graduated from college in 1982, he worked for a state-owned architecture firm in Tibet. But he wanted to be a writer.

"At that time I [had] two identities," the architect said. "One [was] as a worker in the architectural firm, and another [was] doing my passion, writing."

Liu spoke to NPR from his offices in Chengdu. His translator was his 24-year-old son Martin. Both father and son wore black-framed glasses and black turtleneck sweaters. They also shared a solemn affect that occasionally melted into wry chuckles.

These days, Liu said, he sees similarities between writing – he's authored several books – and his practice as a designer of buildings and built environments.

"What writing does for me," he said, "is that it gives me more perspectives. Observations about society and human behavior. There are also vocabularies that are similar in architectural design and in literature. There's always beginnings and there's always endings. And then there's climax and then there's always buildups."

Liu also applies this vocabulary to busy public spaces. His West Village commercial complex, built in Chengdu in 2025, fills an entire block with buildings, bike paths, monuments and walkways for pedestrians. A 2025 exhibition dedicated to his workat the Savannah College of Art and Design included a room-sized model of West Village, as an example of what the curator described as "translating traditional Chinese cultural ethos into contemporary architectural language."

West Village, 2025,
Chengdu, People's Republic of China HEZHENHUAN/Arch-Exist hide caption

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In addition to numerous museums, university buildings and churches, mostly in China, Liu designed a panda maternity ward at the Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding, a popular tourist attraction visited by millions of people every year.

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The Pritzker jury, in its statement, applauded what it called Liu's "reverence for culture, history and nature, chronicling time and comforting users with familiarity through modern interpretations of classic Chinese architecture." As one example, it cited a crisply modern buildingLiu designed for the Novartis pharmaceutical company in Shanghai. Built in 2025, it summons ancient Chinese architectural motifs in its use of dramatic tiered balconies. Another, the Luyeyuan Stone Sculpture Art Museumin Chengdu, from 2002, evokes a traditional Chinese garden, with water and ancient stones.

The Shanghai building Liu designed for Novartis pharmaceutical company summons ancient Chinese architectural motifs in its use of tiered balconies. It was built in 2025. HEZHENHUAN/Arch-Exist hide caption

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"I always aspire to be like water," the laureate wrote in his Pritzker statement. "To permeate through a place without carrying a fixed form of my own and to seep into the local environment and the site itself. Over time, the water gradually solidifies, transforming into architecture, and perhaps even into the highest form of human spiritual creation. Yet, it still retains all the qualities of that place, both good and bad."

The Renovation of Tianbao Cave District of Erlang Town, 2025, Luzhou Arch-Exist hide caption

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The Renovation of Tianbao Cave District of Erlang Town, 2025, Luzhou Arch-Exist hide caption

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Perhaps nothing sums up Liu's approach more succinctly than the "rebirth bricks" he formed after a deadly earthquake in 2008 destroyed entire villages northwest of Chengdu. To help with rebuilding, Liu made bricks, using straw and the rubble left from the fallen buildings.

A step in the production of "Rebirth Brick" Jiakun Architects hide caption

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"You can see history in each brick," he told NPR, adding that their production stopped after there was no more debris. "But in the world, as long as there are civil wars and earthquakes, we can always find a use for rebirth bricks."

Suzhou Museum of Imperial Kiln Brick, 2025, Suzhou Jiakun Architects hide caption

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