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Researchers from Keio University (Japan) have improved the mobility of patients with paralysis caused by spinal cord injuries. The new treatment method is based on the introduction of special iPS cells, which contribute to the regeneration of damaged tissue. The findings were published in the journal Nature.
The method is based on the use of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, which are obtained from adult human cells—for example, skin or blood—and reprogrammed so that they can turn into nerve cells.
During the experiment, two million iPS cells were injected into four men over 60 years old who had suffered spinal cord injuries two to four weeks before the treatment. And the results were encouraging. One of the previously completely paralyzed patients managed to get back on his feet and begin a rehabilitation course aimed at restoring the ability to walk. Another participant began to move his arms and legs.
Researchers noted that the probability of restoring motor functions is about 50 percent. Within a year after the introduction of the aforesaid cells, the patients did not experience any serious side effects.
A distinctive feature of this new approach is its increased efficiency compared to previously used stem cells—for example, embryonic or bone marrow cells. Therapies based on them have shown inconsistent results, while iPS cells have great potential.
But researchers warn that it is too early to talk about a complete cure for paralysis. Every spinal cord injury is different, and the effectiveness of iPS cells in different types of injuries remains to be studied.
However, experts are convinced that further studies of this technology will enable it to be used not only to restore motor functions, but also to treat other damaged tissues—such as ganglion or retinal injuries.