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American scientists from Northwestern University in Chicago have developed a new method of treating nightmares in patients with narcolepsy. The study was published in the scientific publication Journal of Sleep Research (JSR).
Narcolepsy is a disorder of the nervous system in which a person experiences episodes of overwhelming sleepiness and unexpected falling asleep. Sometimes the disorder is accompanied by hallucinations when falling into sleep and upon awakening. In addition, 30 to 40 percent of people with narcolepsy suffer from vivid and debilitating nightmares.
In the new study, the team selected six people with diagnosed narcolepsy who regularly had terrible dreams over a long period of time.
The scientists used cognitive behavioral therapy techniques, asking participants to describe the plots of the frightening visions on paper and then rewrite them so that they were no longer unpleasant and frightening. Volunteers rehearsed the reworked nightmare scenarios each night before going to bed.
The researchers then tried to induce conscious dreams in a laboratory setting.
People with narcolepsy tend to have frequent conscious dreams during the REM phase of sleep. Using an electroencephalogram (EEG) to monitor brain activity, the scientists determined when a study participant entered the REM sleep phase. Afterward, the experts quietly played audio cues associated with mindfulness and each transcribed dream.
These cues could trigger a conscious dream and trigger a rewritten dream scenario. One of the audio cues was a piano chord that participants learned to associate with their new dream by listening to it during a dream rehearsal before bedtime. The other cue included several words that described their new dream, such as “calm” or “family.”
As a result of the treatment, all participants noted that their nightmares became less scary and less frequent, and in four of the six, the intensity of the frightening dreams fell below the disorder threshold.