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Researchers at Canada's McGill University have found why vitamin D deficiency early in life is associated with autoimmune diseases, including an increased risk of diabetes. The findings of their respective study were published in the medical journal Science Advances.
The researchers explained that vitamin D deficiency accelerates the aging of the thymus, the organ responsible for the maturation and training of the immune system's T cells, where T-lymphocyte maturation, differentiation, and immunological "learning" occur.
The thymus gland plays a key role in the development of children's immunity, helping cells to distinguish the body's own tissues from harmful microorganisms. But with age, the thymus gland becomes less efficient, which can lead to malfunctions in which cells mistakenly attack healthy tissue, increasing the risk of developing autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 diabetes.
"Our findings bring new clarity to this connection and could lead to new strategies for preventing autoimmune diseases," said lead author John White, a Professor in and Chair of McGill’s Department of Physiology.
Although the experiments were done on mice, the researchers emphasized that the results apply to humans as well because the thymus gland acts in the same way for both species.
The research highlights also the importance of adequate vitamin D intake, especially for children.
In areas with limited sun exposure, taking supplements during the winter months may be critical to maintaining health.
White said parents should consult with a doctor to make sure their children are getting enough vitamin D.
The recommendations are based on data from a 2001 Finnish study that showed that children who received vitamin D supplements had a fivefold lower risk of developing diabetes.