TG账号批量盗取破解技术|【唯一TG:@heimifeng8】|飞机盗号软件VIP破解技术✨谷歌搜索留痕排名,史上最强SEO技术,20年谷歌SEO经验大佬✨Scientists discover why women are less susceptible to certain infectious diseases than men
Between puberty and menopause, women experience an increase in key immune cells that may be linked to the sex hormone estrogen and may explain why they are less susceptible to certain infectious diseases than men, according to a new study led by researchers at the University of California.
The study, published in the Journal of Experimental Medicine, is one of the first to examine how sex chromosomes and sex hormones work together to influence the immune system in healthy people of different ages and genders.
Explaining the significance of the paper, Dr. Elizabeth Rosser, senior author of the study from the UCLA School of Medicine and the UCLA Adolescent Rheumatology Center, noted that sex and gender are often overlooked in medical research, despite evidence that many women tend to have a “stronger” immune response to infections like COVID-19 than men, while also being at greater risk of developing autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.
To study how hormones and sex affect the production of 31 different types of immune cells, the team analyzed blood samples from 283 people aged six to 84. Of these, 203 were women and men, including postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
The results showed that women (XX chromosome) had higher levels of a specific type of white blood cell known as class-switched memory B cells than men (XY chromosome). Class-switched memory B cells, which are a key component of the immune system, have undergone a process known as “class switching,” making them highly effective at fighting off infections that the body has previously encountered.
But these “specially trained” B cells can also lead to more severe symptoms if a person has an autoimmune disease, in which a person’s immune system attacks their own healthy tissue.
Importantly, the researchers found that these sex differences were only observed between people who had reached puberty but had not yet entered menopause (in the case of women).